Once introduced, diseases may spread quickly through new areas infecting naive host populations, such as has been documented in Ebola virus in African primates or rabies in North American mammals. What drives the spread of the pathogenic fungus
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes chytridiomycosis, is of particular concern because it has contributed to the global decline of amphibians. In this week's PLoS Biology, Jay Diffendorfer, Michael Sears, and Karen Lips show how they modeled the spatio-temporal pattern of the loss of upland amphibian populations in Central and South America as a proxy for the arrival of chytrid and found that amphibian declines in Central and South America are best explained by chytrid spreading through upland populations, and identified four separate introductions of chytrid into South America:
Climate change seriously threatens biodiversity, and influences endemic host-pathogen systems, but they found no evidence that climate change has been driving outbreaks of chytridiomycosis, as has been posited in the climate-linked epidemic hypothesis. Their findings further strengthen the spreading pathogen hypothesis proposed for Central America and identify new evidence for similar patterns of decline in South American amphibians. Their results will inform management and research efforts related to chytrid and other invasive species, as effective conservation actions depend on correctly identifying essential threats to biodiversity, and possible synergistic interactions.
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